Birth Order in the Very Long-Run: Estimating Firstborn Premiums between 1850 and 1940
Working Paper 32407
DOI 10.3386/w32407
Issue Date
The nineteenth-century American family experienced tremendous demographic, economic, and institutional changes. By using birth order effects as a proxy for family environment, and linked census data on men born between 1835 and 1910, we study how the family's role in human capital production evolved over this period. We find firstborn premiums for occupational outcomes, marriage, and fertility that are similar across census waves. Our results indicate that the returns to investments in the family environment were stable over a long period.