Imagine your Life at 25: Gender Conformity and Later-Life Outcomes

Thanks to Barbara Biasi, Enda Hargaden, Stelios Michalopoulos, and seminar participants at Bonn, Brown, Cambridge, LSE, Manchester, IFAU, University College Dublin, the IFS Conference Intergenerational Inequality, the NBER Children Program Spring Meeting, and the Zurich Text-As-Data conference for comments. We are grateful to Richard Gong, Peyton Crevasse, Dylan Miner, and Alexander-Minh Vu for excellent research assistance and to Lila Alloula, Loui Chen, Patrick Chu, Jun-Davinci Choi, Aaron Cullen, Mitchell Dubin, Alexandra Gers, Alessa Kim-Panero, Rosa Kleinman, Josh Leffler, Ethan Liu, Nastaran Moghimi, Eleri Phillips, Charlotte Townley, and Teddy Tawil for correcting spelling mistakes in the essays. Funding from the Economic and Social Research Council (“Centre for Microeconomic Analysis of Public Policy at the Institute for Fiscal Studies” (RES-544-28-50001), “Intergenerational transfers, insurance, and the transmission of inequality” (ES/V001248/1), and NORFACE for Grant 462-16-120: Trends in Inequality: Sources and Policy” – for this work is gratefully acknowledged. We are grateful to Centre for Longitudinal Studies (CLS) for use of these data and to UK Data Service for making them available. This paper uses observational data only and is not accompanied by a pre-analysis plan. Opinions, conclusions, and errors are solely those of the authors. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

• July 31, 2024