The authors greatly appreciate the support and partnership of the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services (DCJS), New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision (DOCCS), the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office, and the University of Chicago Crime Lab in completing this study. Data used in this study is provided by DCJS and DOCCS. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not those of DCJS or DOCCS. Neither New York State nor DCJS or DOCCS assumes liability for its contents or use thereof. The authors would also like to thank Meredith Stricker, Sibella Matthews, Zachary Honoroff, Julia Imperatore, and Hays Golden for their invaluable assistance and Anthony Braga, Benjamin Hansen, and Sara Heller for helpful comments on earlier drafts of the paper. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
Patrick Sharkey
Statement: The author declares that they have no relevant or material financial interests that
relate to the research described in this paper. The author received outside financial support for
this project – he was hired as an independent contractor by the Fund for the City of New York to
design the RCT for the project and conduct an initial evaluation. The funds came with no strings
attached regarding his design or initial findings, which were completed in 2014-2015, and which
remained independent and self-guided.
Restricted-use data for the final evaluation of the project, which included longer-term outcomes,
was provided by the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services (DCJS) and the New
York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision (DOCCS). Data were
provided with no strings attached regarding our research and findings, which we provided to
DCJS and DOCCS as a policy brief in 2021-2022, and which remained independent and self-
guided. DCJS and DOCCS asked that we add the following disclaimer to any academic
publication of our research, which we have included on our title page in our acknowledgements
section of the paper: “The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are
those of the authors and not those of DCJS or DOCCS. Neither New York State nor DCJS or
DOCCS assumes liability for its contents or use thereof.”
