Drinking Water Contaminant Concentrations and Birth Outcomes
Previous research in the US has found negative health effects of contamination when it triggers regulatory violations. An important question is whether levels of contamination that do not trigger a health-based violation impact health. We study the impact of drinking water contamination in community water systems on birth outcomes using drinking water sampling results data in Pennsylvania. We create an overall water quality index and an index specific to reproductive health. We focus on the effects of water contamination for births not exposed to regulatory violations. Our most rigorous specification employs mother fixed effects and finds changing from the 10th to the 90th percentile of water contamination (among births not exposed to regulatory violations) increases low birth weight by 12% and preterm birth by 17%.
Non-Technical Summaries
- The Safe Drinking Water Act regulates over 90 contaminants — such as lead and arsenic — in community water systems. These regulations...
Published Versions
Richard W. DiSalvo & Elaine L. Hill, 2024. "Drinking water contaminant concentrations and birth outcomes," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(2), pages 368-399, March. citation courtesy of
Richard W. DiSalvo & Elaine L. Hill, 2024. "Drinking water contaminant concentrations and birth outcomes," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, vol 43(2), pages 368-399.