Religion, Education, and the State

We thank Natalie Bau, Jean-Paul Carvalho, Quoc-Anh Do, Vicky Fouka, Jeanne Hagenbach, Rema Hanna, Agustina Paglayan, Vincent Pons, Nancy Qian, Mara Squicciarini, Noam Yuchtman, as well as seminar participants at Bilkent University, Brown University, Columbia University, CREST, Kadir Has University, Nova SBE, Oxford University, Sciences Po, Stockholm University, Tinbergen Institute, University of British Columbia, UCLA Anderson, UC Irvine, UC San Diego, University of Warwick, University of Gothenburg, University of Pittsburgh, University of Southern California, WZB Berlin, and Yale University, as well as conference participants at ASREC, Australia National University, the Barcelona Summer Forum, the CEPR/TCD Workshop in Development Economics, the CEPR Paris Symposium, the ERINN Annual Conference, the NBER Development Summer Institute, NBER Culture & Institutions, and NEUDC for helpful feedback. Danil Dmitriev, Faiz Essa, Aisy Ilfiah, and Rafselia Novalina provided stellar research assistance. Bazzi acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (SES-1942375). Hilmy acknowledges support from the Manuel Abdala Gift Fund and the Institute for Economic Development at Boston University. Marx acknowledges support from the Sciences Po Scientific Advisory Board (SAB). This paper replaces a prior version titled “Islam and the State: Religious Education in the Age of Mass Schooling.” All errors are our own. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

• online appendix

• May 4, 2020
• December 15, 2020
• August 17, 2022
• May 25, 2023