For helpful comments and suggestions, we thank Orley Ashenfelter, Emily Bruce, David Card, Raj Chetty, Bob Cooter, John DiNardo, John Eck, Hans Johnson, Louis Kaplow, Mark Kleiman, Tomislav Kovandzic, Prasad Krishnamurthy, Thomas Lemieux, John MacDonald, Je Miron, Denis Nekipelov, Alex Piquero, Jim Powell, Kevin Quinn, Steve Raphael, Jesse Rothstein, Daniel Richman, Seth Sanders, David Sklansky, Kathy Spier, Eric Talley, John Zedlewski, and Frank Zimring, but particularly Aaron Edlin, who discovered a mistake in a preliminary draft, and Emily Owens and Gary Solon, who both read a later draft particularly closely and provided incisive criticisms. We also thank seminar participants from the University of British Columbia, the University of Oregon, the University of California, Berkeley, Harvard University, Brown University, the University of Rochester, the Public Policy Institute of California, the NBER Summer Institute, the University of Texas at Dallas, the University of Cincinnati and the University of South Florida. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
Aaron Chalfin
Financial support: I am a graduate student at the University of California and, for the past two years, while I have worked on this manuscript, I have received support from several outside fellowships that supported my research generally. These external sources of support include an NSF/NBER Pre-Doctoral Research Fellowship in the Economics of Crime and a National Institutes of Health NICHD Pre-Doctoral Training Grant. I have received no financial support from any source that is, in any way, linked to or contingent upon this research.
Conflicts of Interest: Neither I nor any of my close family members hold a position, either paid or unpaid, in any organization whose policy goals, positions or financial interests would be affected by this research.
