The views expressed by the authors do not necessarily represent the views of the Social Security Administration, the National Science Foundation, or the National Bureau of Economic Research. We owe special thanks to Bevin Ashenmiller, Susan Averett, Martha Bailey, Alan Barreca, John Bound, Matias Cattaneo, Karen Conway, Ken Couch, Paul Davies, Stefanie Fischer, Jason Fletcher, Daniel Grossman, Sarah Hamersma, John Jones, Ilyana Kuziemko, Mike Levere, Sarah Miller, Stephanie Rennane, Stephen Ross, Jeff Smith, Michael Stephens, Alexander Strand, and Rebecca Vallas for valuable feedback. We would also like to thank seminar and conference participants at Amherst College, Miami University, Occidental College, Stony Brook University, the University of Connecticut, the University of Kansas, the University of Michigan, the University of New Hampshire, Vanderbilt University, Vassar College, Williams College, the New England Study Group at the Boston Federal Reserve Bank, the Boston University/Harvard/MIT joint Health Economics seminar, the 2016 Eastern Economic Association Annual Meeting, the 2016 Midwest Economic Association Annual Meeting, the 2016 Western Economic Association Meeting, the 2016 Southern Economic Association Meeting, the 2016 National Tax Association Meeting, the 2016 American Society of Health Economists Meeting, the 2016 APPAM International and Fall Conferences, the 2016 NBER Summer Institute, and the 2016 Southeastern Health Economics Study Group Conference. Any remaining errors are our own. Amelia Hawkins gratefully acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant number DGE #1256260, a NICHD training grant to the Population Studies Center at the University of Michigan under grant number T32HD007339 and NBER's pre-doctoral fellowship program.