Bank Regulation and Supervision in 180 Countries from 1999 to 2011

James R. Barth is Lowder Eminent Scholar in Finance at Auburn University, Senior Finance Fellow at the Milken Institute, and Fellow at the Wharton Financial Institutions Center. Gerard Caprio, Jr. is the William Brough Professor of Economics and Chair of the Center for Development Economics at Williams College. Ross Levine is the Willis H. Booth Chair in Banking and Finance at Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley, Senior Fellow at the Milken Institute and Research Associate at the NBER. The authors gratefully acknowledge the painstakingly thorough assistance provided by Nan (Annie) Zhang, Research Assistant at the Milken Institute. This paper benefited from the support of the Milken Institute and the World Bank. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.