U.S. Patent Classes as of 31-DEC-1999 ------------------------------------- Source: USPTO Utility Classes Class Title ----- ----- 001 ** Classification Undetermined ** 002 Apparel 004 Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons 005 Beds 007 Compound Tools 008 Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers 012 Boot and Shoe Making 014 Bridges 015 Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning 016 Miscellaneous Hardware 019 Textiles: Fiber Preparation 023 Chemistry: Physical Processes 024 Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, Etc. 026 Textiles: Cloth Finishing 027 Undertaking 028 Textiles: Manufacturing 029 Metal Working 030 Cutlery 033 Geometrical Instruments 034 Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact with Solids 036 Boots, Shoes, and Leggings 037 Excavating 038 Textiles: Ironing or Smoothing 040 Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting 042 Firearms 043 Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying 044 Fuel and Related Compositions 047 Plant Husbandry 048 Gas: Heating and Illuminating 049 Movable or Removable Closures 051 Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition 052 Static Structures (e.g., Buildings) 053 Package Making 054 Harness 055 Gas Separation 056 Harvesters 057 Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining 059 Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making 060 Power Plants 062 Refrigeration 063 Jewelry 065 Glass Manufacturing 066 Textiles: Knitting 068 Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus 069 Leather Manufactures 070 Locks 071 Chemistry: Fertilizers 072 Metal Deforming 073 Measuring and Testing 074 Machine Element or Mechanism 075 Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures 076 Metal Tools and Implements, Making 079 Button Making 081 Tools 082 Turning 083 Cutting 084 Music 086 Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making 087 Textiles: Braiding, Netting, and Lace Making 089 Ordnance 091 Motors: Expansible Chamber Type 092 Expansible Chamber Devices 095 Gas Separation: Processes 096 Gas Separation: Apparatus 099 Foods and Beverages: Apparatus 100 Presses 101 Printing 102 Ammunition and Explosives 104 Railways 105 Railway Rolling Stock 106 Compositions: Coating or Plastic 108 Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces 109 Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device 110 Furnaces 111 Planting 112 Sewing 114 Ships 116 Signals and Indicators 117 Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor 118 Coating Apparatus 119 Animal Husbandry 122 Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers 123 Internal-Combustion Engines 124 Mechanical Guns and Projectors 125 Stone Working 126 Stoves and Furnaces 127 Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates 128 Surgery 131 Tobacco 132 Toilet 134 Cleaning and Liquid Contact with Solids 135 Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane 136 Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric 137 Fluid Handling 138 Pipes and Tubular Conduits 139 Textiles: Weaving 140 Wireworking 141 Fluent Material Handling, with Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means 142 Wood Turning 144 Woodworking 147 Coopering 148 Metal Treatment 149 Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges 150 Purses, Wallets, and Protective Covers 152 Resilient Tires and Wheels 156 Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture 157 Wheelwright Machines 159 Concentrating Evaporators 160 Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel 162 Paper Making and Fiber Liberation 163 Needle and Pin Making 164 Metal Founding 165 Heat Exchange 166 Wells 168 Farriery 169 Fire Extinguishers 171 Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects 172 Earth Working 173 Tool Driving or Impacting 174 Electricity: Conductors and Insulators 175 Boring or Penetrating the Earth 177 Weighing Scales 178 Telegraphy 180 Motor Vehicles 181 Acoustics 182 Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold 184 Lubrication 185 Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered 186 Merchandising 187 Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for Vehicle 188 Brakes 190 Trunks and Hand-Carried Luggage 191 Electricity: Transmission To Vehicles 192 Clutches and Power-Stop Control 193 Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways 194 Check-Actuated Control Mechanisms 196 Mineral Oils: Apparatus 198 Conveyors: Power-Driven 199 Type Casting 200 Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers 201 Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic 202 Distillation: Apparatus 203 Distillation: Processes, Separatory 204 Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy 205 Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions 206 Special Receptacle or Package 208 Mineral Oils: Processes and Products 209 Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids 210 Liquid Purification or Separation 211 Supports: Racks 212 Traversing Hoists 213 Railway Draft Appliances 215 Bottles and Jars 216 Etching a Substrate: Processes 217 Wooden Receptacles 218 High-Voltage Switches with Arc Preventing or Extinguishing Devices 219 Electric Heating 220 Receptacles 221 Article Dispensing 222 Dispensing 223 Apparel Apparatus 224 Package and Article Carriers 225 Severing by Tearing or Breaking 226 Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length 227 Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus 228 Metal Fusion Bonding 229 Envelopes, Wrappers, and Paperboard Boxes 231 Whips and Whip Apparatus 232 Deposit and Collection Receptacles 234 Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching) 235 Registers 236 Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation 237 Heating Systems 238 Railways: Surface Track 239 Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing 241 Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration 242 Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding 244 Aeronautics 245 Wire Fabrics and Structure 246 Railway Switches and Signals 248 Supports 249 Static Molds 250 Radiant Energy 251 Valves and Valve Actuation 252 Compositions 254 Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force 256 Fences 257 Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes) 258 Railway Mail Delivery 260 Chemistry of Carbon Compounds 261 Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus 264 Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes 266 Metallurgical Apparatus 267 Spring Devices 269 Work Holders 270 Sheet-Material Associating 271 Sheet Feeding or Delivering 273 Amusement Devices: Games 276 Typesetting 277 Seal for a Joint or Juncture 278 Land Vehicles: Animal Draft Appliances 279 Chucks or Sockets 280 Land Vehicles 281 Books, Strips, and Leaves 283 Printed Matter 285 Pipe Joints or Couplings 289 Knots and Knot Tying 290 Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants 291 Track Sanders 292 Closure Fasteners 293 Vehicle Fenders 294 Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements 295 Railway Wheels and Axles 296 Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops 297 Chairs and Seats 298 Land Vehicles: Dumping 299 Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material 300 Brush, Broom, and Mop Making 301 Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles 303 Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems 305 Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles 307 Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems 310 Electrical Generator or Motor Structure 312 Supports: Cabinet Structure 313 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices 314 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable Electrodes 315 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems 318 Electricity: Motive Power Systems 320 Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging 322 Electricity: Single Generator Systems 323 Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems 324 Electricity: Measuring and Testing 326 Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry 327 Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems 329 Demodulators 330 Amplifiers 331 Oscillators 332 Modulators 333 Wave Transmission Lines and Networks 334 Tuners 335 Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets 336 Inductor Devices 337 Electricity: Electrothermally or Thermally Actuated Switches 338 Electrical Resistors 340 Communications: Electrical 341 Coded Data Generation or Conversion 342 Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation) 343 Communications: Radio Wave Antennas 345 Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems 346 Recorders 347 Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information 348 Television 349 Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems 351 Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting 352 Optics: Motion Pictures 353 Optics: Image Projectors 355 Photocopying 356 Optics: Measuring and Testing 358 Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing 359 Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements 360 Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval 361 Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices 362 Illumination 363 Electric Power Conversion Systems 365 Static Information Storage and Retrieval 366 Agitating 367 Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices 368 Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices 369 Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval 370 Multiplex Communications 372 Coherent Light Generators 373 Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces 374 Thermal Measuring and Testing 375 Pulse or Digital Communications 376 Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements 377 Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems 378 X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices 379 Telephonic Communications 380 Cryptography 381 Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices 382 Image Analysis 383 Flexible Bags 384 Bearings 385 Optical Waveguides 386 Television Signal Processing for Dynamic Recording or Reproducing 388 Electricity: Motor Control Systems 392 Electric Resistance Heating Devices 395 Information Processing System Organization 396 Photography 399 Electrophotography 400 Typewriting Machines 401 Coating Implements with Material Supply 402 Binder Device Releasably Engaging Aperture or Notch of Sheet 403 Joints and Connections 404 Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus 405 Hydraulic and Earth Engineering 406 Conveyors: Fluid Current 407 Cutters, for Shaping 408 Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool 409 Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing 410 Freight Accommodation On Freight Carrier 411 Expanded, Threaded, Driven, Headed, Tool-Deformed, or Locked-Threaded Fastener 412 Bookbinding: Process and Apparatus 413 Sheet Metal Container Making 414 Material or Article Handling 415 Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps 416 Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers) 417 Pumps 418 Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices 419 Powder Metallurgy Processes 420 Alloys or Metallic Compositions 422 Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing 423 Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds 424 Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions 425 Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus 426 Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products 427 Coating Processes 428 Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles 429 Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process 430 Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof 431 Combustion 432 Heating 433 Dentistry 434 Education and Demonstration 435 Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology 436 Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing 438 Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process 439 Electrical Connectors 440 Marine Propulsion 441 Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices 442 Web or Sheet Containing Structurally Defined Element or Component (428/221) 445 Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device Manufacturing 446 Amusement Devices: Toys 449 Bee Culture 450 Foundation Garments 451 Abrading 452 Butchering 453 Coin Handling 454 Ventilation 455 Telecommunications 460 Crop Threshing or Separating 462 Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding 463 Amusement Devices: Games 464 Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible Couplings for Rotary Shafts 470 Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and Apparatus 472 Amusement Devices 473 Games Using Tangible Projectile 474 Endless Belt Power Transmission Systems or Components 475 Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components 476 Friction Gear Transmission Systems or Components 477 Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including Engine Control 482 Exercise Devices 483 Tool Changing 492 Roll or Roller 493 Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web 494 Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators 501 Compositions: Ceramic 502 Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making 503 Record Receiver Having Plural Interactive Leaves or a Colorless Color Former, Method of Use, or Developer Therefor 504 Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions 505 Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process 507 Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry 508 Solid Anti-Friction Devices, Materials Therefor, Lubricant or Separate Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions 510 Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions 512 Perfume Compositions 514 Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions 516 Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes Of 518 Chemistry: Fischer-Tropsch Processes; or Purification or Recovery of Products Thereof 520 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers -- Part of the Class 520 Series 521 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers -- Part of the Class 520 Series 522 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers -- Part of the Class 520 Series 523 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers -- Part of the Class 520 Series 524 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers -- Part of the Class 520 Series 525 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers -- Part of the Class 520 Series 526 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers -- Part of the Class 520 Series 527 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers -- Part of the Class 520 Series 528 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers -- Part of the Class 520 Series 530 Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof 532 Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series 534 Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series 536 Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series 540 Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series 544 Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series 546 Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series 548 Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series 549 Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series 552 Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series 554 Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series 556 Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series 558 Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series 560 Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series 562 Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series 564 Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series 568 Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series 570 Organic Compounds -- Part of the Class 532-570 Series 585 Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds 588 Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment 600 Surgery 601 Surgery: Kinesitherapy 602 Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage 604 Surgery 606 Surgery 607 Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application 623 Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor 700 Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications 701 Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location 702 Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing 704 Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression 705 Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination 706 Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence 707 Data Processing: Database and File Management, Data Structures, or Document Processing 708 Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating 709 Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multiple Computer or Process Coordinating 710 Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output 711 Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory 712 Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing (e.g., Processors) 713 Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Support 714 Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery 800 Multicellular Living Organisms and Unmodified Parts Thereof and Related Processes 901 Robots 902 Electronic Funds Transfer 930 Peptide or Protein Sequence 968 Horology 976 Nuclear Technology 984 Musical Instruments 987 Organic Compounds Containing a Bi, Sb, As, or P Atom or Containing a Metal Atom of the 6th To 8th Group of the Periodic System